Compare Macau (2004) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)

Compare Macau (2004) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)

	Macau (2004)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595) 15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	vegetables, livestock	-
Airports	1 (2003 est.)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order which had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.9 billion expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002)	-
Climate	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	41 km	698 km
Constitution	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"	-
Country name	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	pataca (MOP)	-
Death rate	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Debt - external	$121 million (2001 est.)	-
Dependency status	special administrative region of China	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (special administrative region of China)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient	NA (1997)	-
Economy - overview	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption	1.688 billion kWh (2002)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	1 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	193 million kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - production	1.611 billion kWh (2002)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Ethnic groups	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other	-
Exchange rates	patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts	-
Exports - partners	US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2003 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	22 10 N, 113 33 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways	total: 271 km paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)	total: NA km paved: short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	-
Imports	NA (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods	-
Imports - partners	China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003)	-
Independence	none (special administrative region of China)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Industries	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-2.6% (2003 est.)	-
International organization participation	IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region	-
Labor force	214,000 (2002)	-
Labor force - by occupation	manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)	arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)	-
Legal system	based on Portuguese civil law system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005 elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 82.03 years male: 79.2 years female: 84.99 years (2004 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)	-
Location	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China	Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	not specified	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	none	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day	-
Nationality	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese	-
Natural hazards	typhoons	NA
Natural resources	NEGL	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]	-
Population	445,286 (July 2004 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles around the time of the construction of UK-US military facilities; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	-
Population growth rate	0.87% (2004 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Macau	Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	NA
Religions	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	-
Suffrage	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies	-
Telephone system	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	174,600 (2003)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	364,000 (2003)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (2003)	1 (1997)
Terrain	generally flat	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	6.3% (2003)	-
Waterways	-	none

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